Background and Objective: The aim of the research is to measure the elements and toxic compounds in artificial grass floors used in sports and recreational areas. Material and Methodology: This research is applied and laboratory method. Heavy elements, monomer, free hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds were measured. To measure the pollutants, ICPOES model Vista Pro and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometer model 1240 mini were used. The experiments were repeated three times. Time-weighted average (OEL-TWA) was used to determine the exposure limit. Findings: The most compound in the structure of this type of flooring belongs to titanium oxide (TiO2) compound with 4780 ppm, followed by dioctyl phthalate with 2800 ppm and then isoprene with 2670 ppm. The analysis of inorganic compounds shows that the highest element content in the structure of this type of flooring belongs to zinc element (Zn) with 1507 ppm and then cobalt element (Co) with 145 ppm. The results showed that there is a big difference between the standard and the permissible limit of pollutants with the numbers obtained from the tests. 2 pollutants arsenic and chromium with "confirmed human carcinogenicity" were identified in the artificial grass structure. Silica was also identified as "pollutants suspected of carcinogenicity in humans". Lead was also identified as "confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans" and 11 cases were assessed as "not classifiable as a human carcinogen". Discussion and Conclusion: Some of the elements and compounds in the structure of sports flooring have a range higher than the standards and permissible limits of exposure, which can affect the health of users, and on the other hand, it has the possibility of harming the environment.

Background and Aim: Discoloration is among the most common problems of composite restorations. Color change over time compromises the main advantage of composite resins namely their high esthetics. In such cases, the restoration needs to be replaced. .The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of accelerated artificial aging (AAA) on the color stability of three composite resins (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250XT, and Filtek Supreme). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 7 composite specimens with equal dimensions were fabricated of each composite resin. The initial color of specimens was measured using a spectroradiometer according to the CIE L*a*b* system. The specimens were then submitted to AAA for 384h and underwent color assessment again. Before and after aging, the surface roughness of one specimen from each group was determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The obtained color parameters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: The color change of Filtek Z250 was significantly lower than that of Filtek Z250XT and Filtek Supreme (P≤0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between Z250XT and Supreme in this respect (P>0.05 ). Conclusion: All composite resins showed color change above the clinically acceptable threshold. Z250 microhybrid composite was more color stable than nano-composites (Z250XT and Supreme). AAA increased the surface roughness in all groups but it was within the clinically acceptable range.

Objective About half of the human genome is covered by repetitive sequences. These sequences have a large share in the other mammalian genomes, therefore studying this part of the genome can provide researchers valuable information on evolution. The aim of this study was to sequencing and assembly the whole genome of Iranian Bactrian camels to identify transposable elements and their distribution in the genome of this species. In addition, the results of Iranian Bactrian camels were compared with non-Iranian Bactrian camels and dromedary camels. Materials and methods In this study, the whole genome of six Iranian Bactrian camels was sequenced to transposable elements identification. Iranian Bactrian camel whole genome sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000 system in paired-end. FastQC and Trimmomatic software were used to quality control and quality filtering of raw sequencing reads, respectively. CLC Genomics Workbench (CLC Bio, Aarhus, Denmark) was used to de novo assembly of trimmed reads. Also, we used the RepeatMasker program to search for transposable elements using a homology-based method. Results Results of the assembling of sequenced genomes showed that the genome size in these samples ranged from 1. 9 to 1. 97 Gb. In the present study, the percentage of transposable elements for six Iranian Bactrian camels was 29. 89% on average of the whole genome. The percentage of LINE sequences for the Iranian Bactrian camel was 17. 58% on average. So, these sequences were considered as the largest group of transposable elements in the Bactrian camel in this study. SINE elements showed a lower number in comparison with LINEs. So that, only 3. 45% of the total Bactria camel genome length was dedicated to the SINEs. In accordance with the results of Iranian dromedary camels, no Alu element was identified in the genome of Iranian Bactrian camels. Conclusion Shortage of genomic and biological information about camels is one of the inhibiting factors in advancing the breeding goals and programs. Although this study is not enough alone, it can be a step towards starting the production of genomic data for camels. Continuing this kind of study and integrating biological and genomic information will provide the ground for the start of modern breeding in Iranian camels.

Introduction: Discoloration is one of the most common reasons for replacement of resin composites. The purpose of this study was to compare the color stability of three Methacrylate-based Resin Composites (Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250x, Filtek Z350xt) with Silorane-based Resin Composites (Filtek P90) after Accelerated artificial Aging (AAA).Materials & Methods: In this in vitro study 56 composite discs were prepared (N=14). CIE L*a*b* parameters of each specimen were measured by a reflectance spectrophotometer after 24h and 384 h of AAA. Then Color change (DE) of each composite was calculated. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA, Tukey and paired t-test at the significance level of 0.05.Results: DE values of Filtek Z250, Filtek Z250x, Filtek Z350xt and Filtek P90 were 7.77, 5.86, 8.95 and 8, respectively. One way ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference between DE values of composites (P˂0.001). Tukey’s test revealed that DE value of Filtek Z250xt was significantly lower than those of other composites (P˂0.05).Conclusion: Silorane and methacrylate based composites showed a color change more than the clinically acceptable level (DE˃3.3) after AAA. Filtek Z250xt showed the lowest color change and other composites showed relatively similar color change.

The aim of the current research was to identify the characteristics of the four elements in order to provide a problem-oriented curriculum model in the elementary school mathematics course. There were 19 participants and the sampling was done purposefully. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The problem-oriented curriculum template was designed using the characteristics of the elements and with the method of qualitative content analysis in the elementary school mathematics course. The identified features were validated by fuzzy Delphi method and Shannon's entropy method was used for data processing. Based on the results of the analysis, 7 main categories including the characteristics of goals at three levels of cognitive, attitudinal, skill, content, evaluation, teaching-learning strategy and 46 sub-categories were identified.                                                                                                                                                                In the fuzzy Delphi section, all features were confirmed by obtaining a de-fuzzified value greater than 0.7. The results of Shannon's entropy determined that the characteristics of starting teaching with a challenging question, creating a suitable educational environment, continuously monitoring the quality of learning strategies and communicating with students' talents have attracted the most attention and obtained the highest ranks and had a higher importance factor than other characteristics

Identifying structural damages has been a crucial research topic in civil engineering over the past few decades. Numerical modeling methods are of particular interest for damage detection because they provide more information. The accuracy of modeling results can be impacted by errors in modeling the mass of non-structural elements. This study is focused on assessing the effects of the mass of non-structural components on the detection of current damages. An integrated neural network approach was used to study a truss bridge as a widely used structure. It was possible to detect damaged members with high accuracy using the artificial neural network trained with the results of the finite element model. According to the results, the introduced method accurately detects damage despite modeling errors associated with non-structural elements' mass

In this research, artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were used as strong tool in simulation of nonlinear processes to predict drought cycle in twenty synoptic, climatic and hydrometric stations in Isfahan province. Where had daily statistics for twenty years. Neural network of MATLAB-7 was used for predicting and analyzing climatic elements. Input of ANN models including: monthly rainfall mean, minimum yield and maximum temperature which were related to the period between "1984-2004". Twenty year of this period was devoted for training and the remainder four years was spent on testing. The used network was Multi-Layer Preceptron (MLP) with Back Propagation Logarithm (BP) and Levenberg-Marquardt technique (LM). Different structures of neural network were created by changing input layers (6 models), the number of tines in hidden layers and output layers (2-20). The results show that among the analyzed patterns max temperature, yield and rainfall have predict significant role to drought in Isfahan and by application of ANN can be predicted the drought cycle by the confidence interval of 95%.

Coastal waters of Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of selecting the best place for artificial reef installation in the center and west of Hormuzgan province. In this study, Ichtyoplankton communities were studied seasonally. For this purpose, from the south of Qeshm Island to Hendorabi Island were divided to 10 transects, and each of them was partitioned to 3 subtransects (Coastal line to 10, 10 20 and 20 30 meters), and random sampling was used for data collection. In this study, were recognized 7 families of ichtyoplanktons (Sparidae, Gobidae, Seaniadae, Soliadae, Mugaliadae, Clupaidae and Bregmacerotidae). The results of One Way Variance Analysis for frequency of ichtyoplankton, was showed difference in west area (from Bandar Lengeh area to Bandar Haseneh area and Kish island area) with central area (Qeshm island area) (P<0.05), but in the west area do not differ between from Bandar lengeh to Bandar Haseneh and Kish Island area) (P>0.05). Also, the result of this test was showed ichtyoplankton frequencies had differed in some transects and seasons (P<0.05). Although, these communities had fluctuation, coastal waters of Hormozgun province in this area have appropriated for installation artificial reefs.